Chapter 7 Nervous System

Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 7: Nervous System
A. Functions
a. Monitor changes- occurring inside and outside the body
i. Changes= stimuli
b. Integration- to process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed
c. Motor (efferent) division-
i. Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system (to muscles or glands)
d. Sensory (afferent) division-
i. Nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system from out five senses
B. Structural classification
a. Central nervous system (CNS):
i. Brain and spinal cord
b. Peripheral nervous system (PNS):
i. Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
ii. Spinal nerves
iii. Cranial nerves
c. Sensory input- gathering information
d. Motor output-
i. a response to integrated stimuli
ii. The response activates muscles or glands
iii. Somatic nervous system- voluntary
iv. Autonomic nervous system- involunatary
C. Nervous tissue
a. Neuroglia
i. Astrocytes
ii. Microglia
iii. Ependymal cells
iv. Oligodendrocytes
v. Satellite cells
vi. Schwann cells
b. Neurons
i. Major regions
1. cell body
2. outside body
a. dendrites
b. axons
i. terminals
ii. synaptic cleft
iii. synapse
iv. myelin sheath
1. Schwann cells
2. Nodes of Ranvier
ii. Locations
1. Gray matter
2. Nuclei
3. Ganglia

Chapter 7: Nervous System
Part 2: Central Nervous System
A. Development
a. Embryonic neural tube
b. Ventricles
B. Regions of the brain
a. Cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum)
i. Paired
ii. Mass
iii. Surface
1. Gyri
2. Sulci
iv. Lobes
1. Fissures
2. Surface lobes
a. Frontal
b. Parietal
c. Occipital
d. Temporal
v. Specialized areas
1. Primary somatic sensory
2. Primary motor
3. Broca’s
4. Special senses
a. Gustatory
b. Visual
c. Auditory
d. Olfactory
5. Interpretation areas
vi. Layers
1. Gray matter
2. White matter
a. Corpus callosum
3. Basal nuclei
b. Diencephalon
i. Location
ii. Made of three parts
1. Thalamus
a. Location
b. Functions
2. Hypothalamus
a. Location
b. Functions: autonomic nervous system center
c. Pituitary gland: master gland of endocrine system
3. Epithalamus
a. Location
b. Functions
c. Brain stem
i. Location
ii. Parts
1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata
a. Control centers
4. Reticular formation
a. Reticular activating system (RAS)
d. Cerebellum